The ballot design itself led me to the conclusion that errors in Palm Beach County balloting would be biased against Al Gore and in favor of Patrick Buchanan. But it did not indicate the magnitude of these errors, and I did not want to rely simply upon my assessment of the ballot form to conclude that the ballot was biased against Al Gore. In order to show that this bias existed and in order to determine its size if it existed, I engaged in my own research using data from the State of Florida, Palm Beach County, and other Florida Counties. My analysis proceeded in the following steps.